Functional enhancement of exosomes derived from NK cells by IL-15 and IL-21 synergy against hepatocellular carcinoma cells: The cytotoxicity and apoptosis in vitro study

نویسندگان

چکیده

Exosomes are released by various cells, including natural killer (NK) cells and transport signaling molecules for the intercellular communication. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), also known as primary liver cancer, is often inoperable difficult to accurate diagnosis. Notably, prognosis underlying mechanisms of HCC not fully understood. Exosomes-derived NK (NK-exos) express unique cytotoxic proteins with a killing ability in tumors can easily penetrate tumor tissues improve their targeting ability. cell functions, inducing cellular cytotoxicity modulated cytokines such interleukin (IL)-15 IL-21. However, effects cytokines-stimulated NK-exos treatment HCC, well known. In this study, we aimed investigate synergistic anti-tumor stimulated IL-15 IL-21 (NK-exosIL−15/21) Hep3B cells. Our findings revealed that NK-exosIL−15/21 expressed (perforin granzyme B) contained typical exosome markers (CD9 CD63) within size range 100–150 nm. Moreover, demonstrated induced enhancement apoptotic activity activating specific pro-apoptotic (Bax, cleaved caspase 3, PARP, perforin, inhibiting anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2). summary, our results suggest regulate strong increasing apoptosis through activation molecules.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Heliyon

سال: 2023

ISSN: ['2405-8440']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16962